Journal: Pain

Article Title: Downregulation of adenosine and adenosine A1 receptor contributes to neuropathic pain in resiniferatoxin neuropathy

doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001246

Figure Lengend Snippet: Changes in prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) ectonucleotidase activity and alterations of adenosine hydrolysis in resiniferatoxin (RTX) neuropathy. (A–C) Prostatic acid phosphatase ectonucleotidase activity was assessed through enzyme histochemistry using adenosine monophosphate (AMP, 3 mM) as a substrate. The reaction product was developed with 1% sodium sulfide and appeared dark brown in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) sections of the vehicle (A) and day 7 after RTX neuropathy (RTX group) (B). (C) The graph shows AMP(+) neuronal densities in the vehicle (open bar, n = 5) and RTX (filled bar, n = 5) groups according to (A and B). (D–G) High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was conducted to assess the change in the contents of adenosine and AMP, which were extracted from DRG. (D) This graph shows the HPLC chromatograms of the eluted standards (upper panel; AMP, 6.5 minutes; adenosine, 10.2 minutes), the vehicle group (middle panel), and the RTX group (bottom panel). Number designation on the chromatograms: 1 for AMP and 2 for adenosine. (E and F) These figures provide verification of the peaks for AMP (E) and adenosine (F) samples extracted from DRG tissues with respect to a spectral library. The absorbance spectra of the adenosine and AMP samples (pink line in E and F) were the same as the absorbance spectra of the adenosine standard (similarity index = 0.99) and the AMP standard (similarity index = 1.00) (black line in E and F). (G) A significant difference in adenosine signaling molecules was present between the vehicle (open bar, n = 6) and RTX groups (filled bar, n = 5) (ie, decreased adenosine and increased AMP). Elution time scale, minutes. * P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01. Bar, 50 µm.

Article Snippet: A Brownlee SPP HPLC column (C18, 2.7 μm, 4.6 × 150 mm; PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) protected with a guard cartilage (C18, 2.7 μm, 4.6 × 5 mm; PerkinElmer) was used in this assay.

Techniques: Activity Assay, High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Journal: Journal of Peptide Science

Article Title: An explorative study towards the chemical synthesis of the immunoglobulin G1 Fc CH3 domain

doi: 10.1002/psc.3126

Figure Lengend Snippet: Attempts of stepwise synthesis of [Met(O)‐432]‐IgG1‐Fc 398–450 ( 1 ). A, Assembly attempt on polystyrene‐divinylbenzene 2‐chlorotrityl resin preloaded with glycine (0.63 mmol/g). The RP‐HPLC profiles of the crude peptide acids with free N ‐terminus at cycle 22 (till Cys‐429) and 32 (till Ser‐419, 1a TRT ) were obtained by using method A. B, Assembly attempt on the polar and low‐loaded resin NovaSyn TGT (0.2 mmol/g Fmoc‐glycine) by using three pseudoproline dipeptides (in red). The RP‐HPLC profile of the Fmoc‐protected crude peptide acid at cycle 44 (till Ser‐407, 1a TGT+ψ ) was obtained by using method C with the Nucleosil C‐18 column (MALDI‐TOF‐MS peaks for M + H + and [M + 2H + ]/2. M calc. for C 242 H 352 N 62 O 69 S 2 : 5298.01 Da)

Article Snippet: Analytical RP‐HPLC was performed using a Thermo Fisher Scientific Dionex UltiMate 3000 UHPLC system (Germering, Germany) and either a Syncronics C‐18 column (100 Å, 5 μm, 250 × 4.6 mm, Thermo Fisher Scientific) at a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min or a Nucleosil C‐18 column (100 Å, 5 μm, 250 × 4 mm, Macherey‐Nagel, Düren, Germany) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min.

Techniques: